An antibiotic is a substance or compound that is an antibacterial agent that kills bacterial infections or inhibits the growth of bacteria. Penicillin and streptomycin are two antibiotics used in the treatment of several bacterial infections. In the last century, when there were no treatments available, minor infections could take lives. Bacterial infections were the leading cause of death at the time. The discovery of penicillin revolutionized pharmaceutical and medical science.
Due to their broad antimicrobial spectrum, penicillin and streptomycin are the most commonly used antibiotics for most infections in the current situation. Penicillins are used to treat throat infections, meningitis and other diseases. Streptomycin is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Antibiotics have the advantage of extending highly complex medical procedures such as organ transplants.
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The penicillin and streptomycin market is witnessing high growth owing to increasing investment in R&D activities for new product innovation. In addition, other regulatory initiatives by various governmental and non-governmental organizations and increasing awareness to control bacterial infectious diseases are also expected to drive the growth of the global penicillin and streptomycin market. However, the biggest challenge facing the penicillin and streptomycin market is the development of antibiotic resistance by many bacteria. Mutations in bacteria confer immune resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin.
Bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae, Gram-negative bacteria and various Staphylococcus strains are resistant to penicillin. For example, according to the CDC, an estimated 2 million people fall ill each year and 23,000 die from antibiotic resistance. Overconsumption, incomplete or inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Rising antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern worldwide and is a major factor restraining the growth of the global penicillin and streptomycin market.
The global penicillin and streptomycin market has been segmented by product type, route of administration, manufacturing process, and geography. In terms of product type, the global market has been segmented into penicillin and streptomycin products.
In addition, penicillin and streptomycin products are available in bulk and dosage forms. In terms of route of administration, the global market is segmented into oral, intramuscular, and intravenous. In terms of manufacturing process, the global market has been segmented into natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic.
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Geographically, Asia Pacific was the largest regional market for penicillin and streptomycin in 2015 in terms of value. This dominance is due to the growing number of antibiotic manufacturers in Asian countries and the presence of some of the world’s leading generic drug manufacturers in the region. In addition, increasing incidence of bacterial infections such as C. difficile and MRSA infections, and rising patient awareness are some of the other factors driving the growth of the penicillin and streptomycin market in Asia Pacific.
North America was identified as the second largest regional market in 2015 and is expected to register moderate growth rate during the forecast period due to loss of patent exclusivity, market maturity, generic infiltration and shortened drug lifecycles, etc. Europe was the third largest market for penicillin and streptomycin.
These three market growths can be attributed to the investments done by governments to improve the present healthcare facility for better health of the people, which will enhance the growth of the penicillin and streptomycin in its countries, such as U.K., France, and Germany. Latin American countries such as Mexico and Brazil are expected to have considerable potential for driving the market growth due to evolving medical care infrastructure, and high incidences of bacterial infections.
The major players operating in this market include Astellas Pharma Inc., GlaxoSmithKline Plc, MiddleBrook Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Merck & Co., Inc., Gilead Sciences Inc., Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd, Eli Lilly and Company, Astra Zeneca, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., among other significant players worldwide.
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